RPCV Toby Lester Writes Wonderful Book About The Naming Of America
For millennia Europeans believed that the world consisted of three parts: Europe, Africa, and Asia. They drew the three continents in countless shapes and sizes on their maps, but occasionally they hinted at the existence of a “fourth part of the world,” a mysterious, inaccessible place, separated from the rest by a vast expanse of ocean. It was a land of myth — until 1507, that is, when Martin Waldseemüller and Matthias Ringmann, two obscure scholars working in the mountains of eastern France, made it real. Columbus had died the year before convinced that he had sailed to Asia, but Waldseemüller and Ringmann, after reading about the Atlantic discoveries of Columbus’s contemporary Amerigo Vespucci, came to a startling conclusion: Vespucci had reached the fourth part of the world. To celebrate his achievement, Waldseemüller and Ringmann printed a huge map, for the first time showing the New World surrounded by water and distinct from Asia, and in Vespucci’s honor they gave this New World a name: America.
Toby Lester (Yemen 1988-90), later Peace Corps Desk Officer (1990-92) working on setting up the Peace Corps programs in the former Soviet sphere, has a book out about how we came to be called America and not, say, Faranjiland.
Toby lives in Boston and is a contributing editor to The Atlantic. His book, The Fourth Part of the World, tells the little-known and fascinating story of the map that gave America its name — which turns out to be the much bigger story of how Europeans and others managed, over the course of centuries, to piece together the first picture (roughly) of the world as we know it today. Check out his website at:www.tobylester.com.
(And you thought it all began with mapquest!)
Interesting that John thought of the fictitious name Faranjiland. When we served in Somalia, Somalis sometimes called us faranji meaning foreigners, but more often Gal meaning non-believers. Or better yet, Merekaan Bisaas meaning American spy.
Well, Marty, I can take little credit for using the word “faranj” or “faranji” meaning foreign or strange. The word is as old as Ethiopian history. Richard Pankhurst in his classic A Social History of Ethiopia notes that around 1470 there was a foreign artist in the Emperor’s service (this would be Emperor Baeda Maryam) who was called a Faranj, or Frank, and painted an unorthodox picture of the Virgin and Child and got himself into trouble with the believers. When we (PCVs) arrived in 1962 In Ethiopia we were just more Franks…, French…., Foreigners…, much as you were in Somalia.
Of course, those of us in Ethiopia always thought that you Somali PCVs were a “lot” stranger!
In Thailand and Laos, farang means Western foreigner, after early French visitors to the region. Apparently the first French in Africa and Asia made more of an impression than the early Brits.